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托福阅读题型讲解:复述题目篇一

托福阅读复述题

essential(1+2+3)=一个

句子

逻辑连接词(次在选项中会被同义替换，但关系不变)

(1)表示转接：

a.转折:前后一次相反 yet/however/whereas/while 代表前后内容不一致(注：a+转折+b<强调的是b>)

b.让步：although/even though/ even if/in spite of/ despite(although +a+b<强调b>;a<强调a>+ although +b )

(2)可互换：

a.因果：because/result in/lead to/for/as/ since/ thus/therefore/hence/consequently 要关注原因和结果分别是什么

b.并列：and/as well as/both/or

c.顺接递进：further more/moreover

d.总分、举例：for example/such as/like/considering/including

含有逻辑意味的动词 stimulate，spark，trigger，cause，make，reason，have begin with， then

注：时间上的先后顺序=因果顺序

结论(优缺点)

inessential：

例子(观点仍是essential的) 动作的程度(动作仍是essential的)

加入没有任何线索或以上信息，把所有修饰成分去掉，回归到主谓宾，主干相似就是答案。

去that which 去形容词、副词 去介词词组

the roots of jazz

the folk songs and plantation dance music of black americans contributed much to early jazz. these forms of music occurred throughout the southern united states during the late 1800's.

ragtime, a musical style that influenced early jazz, emerged from the st. louis, mo., area in the late 1890's. it quickly became the most popular music style in the united states. ragtime was an energetic and syncopated variety of music, primarily for the piano, that emphasized formal composition.

the blues is a form of music that has always been an important part of jazz. the blues was especially widespread in the american south. its mournful scale and simple repeated harmonies helped shape the character of jazz. jazz instrumentalists have long exploited the blues as a vehicle for improvisation.

early jazz.

fully developed jazz music probably originated in new orleans at the beginning of the 1900's. new orleans style jazz emerged from the city's own musical traditions of band music for black funeral processions and street parades. today, this type of jazz is sometimes called classic jazz, traditional jazz, or dixieland jazz. new orleans was the musical home of the first notable players and composers of jazz, including contests buddy bolden and king oliver, cornets and trumpeter louis arm

boogie-woogie

boogie-woogie was another jazz form that became popular during the 1930's. chiefly a piano style, it used eight beats to the bar instead of four. boogie-woogie featured the traditional blues pattern for most themes. the music had an intense quality that created excitement through the repetition of a single phrase. albert ammos, pete johnson, meade lox lewis, and pinetop smith were among its most important artists.

jazz vocalists came into prominence during the swing era, many singing with big bands. many fine jazz singers emphasized popular songs. these singers included mildred bailey, ella fitzgerald, billie holiday, nat "king" cole, carmen mcrae, and sarah vaughan. blues singing at its best can be heard in recordings by jimmy rushing, jack teagarden, joe turner, and dinah washington. in addition to singing, nat "king" cole was a superb jazz pianist and jack teagarden was a great jazz trombonist. see also special reports: ella fitzgerald: first lady of song.

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